Universal additive

ABSTRACT

A universal additive for fuel and lubricants contains C2-C4 alcohols, carbamide, boric acid, acrylic compounds, and water. The additive allows for more complete combustion of liquid and solid fuels, as well as reduced fuel consumption and fewer harmful emissions. In lubricating oil compositions, the additive reduces wear on the friction surfaces of engines, and also reduces fuel consumption.

The invention relates to the petrochemical and chemical industries and, specifically, to additives for various fuels and lubricant materials.

The additives known from the prior art increase the octane number of gasolines, improve fuel efficiency, and increase engine efficiency (RU 2486229, UA 115099, UA 115100, etc.).

An additive to various fuels and lubricants is known, which contains alcohols, boric acid, carbamide (urea), nitro-compounds of hydrocarbons, triethanolamine, and water at the following component ratios, wt %:

aliphatic alcohol:    1-98 boric acid: 0.01-1 carbamide (urea):  0.1-40 nitro-compounds of hydrocarbons: 0.01-1 triethanolamine: 0.01-2 water:  0.1-98 (Patent UA 119084).

This additive improves the combustion process, reduces wear of the friction surfaces of the engine, lowers fuel consumption as well as the amount of incomplete combustion products.

A disadvantage of the known additive is weak catalytic activity in combination with some fuels and lubricating oils.

The objective of this invention is to develop a universal additive for all types of fuel and lubricating oils with enhanced catalytic potential.

This objective is achieved by improving the additive formulation.

The proposed additive is based on alcohols, carbamide (urea), boric acid, and water, and further contains acrylic compounds introduced at the following component ratios, wt. %:

C₂-C₄ alcohols:   1-92 boric acid: 0.01-1   carbamide (urea): 0.1-40 acrylic compounds: 0.02-2  water:  0.1-98.

The additive may further contain acetic acid or triethanolamine in the amount of 0.01-2.0 wt. %.

The additive may further contain acetylene in an amount of 0.01-0.1 wt. %.

Isopropyl alcohol or glycerin can be used as alcohols.

Acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, or acrolein can be used as acrylic compounds.

The proposed additive is recommended for improving combustion of liquid and solid fuels and for improving lubricants.

3 (three) samples of the known additives and 6 (six) samples of the proposed additives were produced.

Examples of the composition of the produced samples are shown in Table 1.

Examples of the composition of diesel fuel containing known additives and proposed universal additive are shown in Table 2.

The diesel fuel additives were tested in a 100 kW direct-flow KSO boiler, while the proposed additive was tested in combination with brown coal using a certified test-bench (thermal power 10 kW) designed to study combustion of solid fuel in a coal-burning system.

The test results for diesel fuel are shown in Table 4, and for brown coal in Table 5.

According to the test results, the proposed additive increases the combustion temperature, which causes a more efficient reduction in CO content of the exhaust compared to the prototype additive.

Examples of the lubricating oil composition with a known additive and proposed universal additive are shown in Table 3.

In the process of testing, a wear scar diameter over a period of 1 hour was determined using a four ball wear (FBW) test system at a load of 392 N, and fuel consumption was measured by driving a Skoda vehicle over a 100 km distance at a speed of about 130 km/h (Table 6).

As can be seen from the test results shown in Table 6, the proposed universal additive reduces the wear of the friction surfaces and lowers the fuel consumption by a vehicle car more effectively compared to the prototype.

TABLE 1 Additive samples and component content. Component content, wt. % Known COMPONENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Boric acid 0.01 0.1 1 1 0.3 0.01 0.1 1 0.8 Carbamide (urea) 0.1 1 22 40 0.5 0.1 1 22 26 Nitromethane 0.01 1 0.1 Acrylic acid 2 0.02 0.1 Acrylonitrile 0.1 Acrolein 1 0.1 Acetylene 0.1 0.01 Triethanolamine 0.87 0.1 1.7 2 0.85 0.01 1.7 1 Acetic acid 0.01 0.1 1 0.01 0.19 Glycerin 75 75 72 Isopropyl alcohol 98 97 1 98 97 Water 1 0.7 0.2 55 97 1 0.7 0.2 0.1

TABLE 2 Samples of fuels with additives. Component content, wt. % Known COMPONENTS 1 2 4 5 6 7 Additive, milliliters 1 250 250 250 1 1 Diesel fuel, liters 100 100 100 Coal, tons 1 1 1

TABLE 3 Samples of lubricating oil with additives. Component content, wt. % COMPONENTS Known 3 Additive 8 Additive 9 Additive, milliliters 10 10 10 Motor oil, liters 1 1 1

TABLE 4 Test results: diesel fuel with additives. Universal Parameters Known 1 6 7 Flame temperature, ° C. 860 910 920 CO content (exhaust), mg/m³ 3 2 1 Fuel consumption for heating boiler 1160 1140 1150 water from 70° C. to 90° C., g

TABLE 5 Test results: coal with additives. Additives Parameters Known 2 4 5 Boiler surface temperature, ° C. 334 343 346 CO content (exhaust), ppm 580 550 540 Furnace efficiency, % 50.2 51.4 51.6

TABLE 6 Test results: oil with additives. Additives Parameters Known 3 8 9 Wear scar diameter on a FBW 0.39 0.37 0.36 test system over 1 hour at a load of 392N, mm Fuel consumption by driving a 3.8 3.6 3.5 vehicle over a 100 km distance at a speed of 130 km/h, liters 

What is claimed is:
 1. A universal additive for fuels and lubricants based on alcohols, boric acid, carbamide (urea), and water, characterized in that it further contains acrylic compounds at the following component ratios, wt. %: C₂-C₄ alcohols:   1-92 carbamide (urea): 0.1-40 boric acid: 0.01-1   acrylic compounds: 0.02-2   water:  0.1-98.


2. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it further contains acetic acid in an amount of 0.01-2.0 wt. %.
 3. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it further contains triethanolamine in an amount of 0.01-2.0 wt. %.
 4. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it further contains acetylene in an amount of 0.01-0.1 wt. %. 